WordWeb Online

1. The principles, practices, or organization of the Carbonari secret society that flourished in Italy, Spain, and France early in the 19th cent.
   "The dispersion of Scalvini and Ugoni that took refuge at Geneva and others of the proscribed that proceeded to London added to the progress which Carbonarism was making in France, suggested to General Pepe the idea of an international secret society, which would combine for a common purpose the advanced political reformers of all the European States."

Type of: front, movement, social movement

Encyclopedia: Carbonarism